Hylarana (Chalcorana) raniceps is a medium-sized frog, with males reaching approximately 34 mm and females up to 42 mm in snout–vent length. This species occupies a broad range of lowland habitats, including primary rainforest and well-preserved secondary forests. It is very similar in appearance to Hylarana (Chalcorana) megalonesa, but is significantly smaller in both sexes.

The body of H. raniceps is relatively small and slender, overall green in coloration, sometimes with a brown dorsum. The snout is long and pointed. Finger and toe tips bear well-developed adhesive discs. The underside of the thighs may be reddish. A white upper-lip stripe extends posteriorly beneath the tympanum, forming a conspicuous streak along the side of the head.

Apart from its close relative H. megalonesa, H. raniceps may be confused with Odorrana hosii due to its green coloration. However, O. hosii can be distinguished by several features: full webbing of the fourth (longest) toe, absence of an outer metatarsal tubercle on the foot, and a more robust body shape.

Reproduction occurs in ponds, intermittent streams, or quiet side pools of larger streams. Based on our observations, sun-exposed sites—such as clearing edges—are preferred for breeding over shaded areas. Males usually call from twigs or vegetation 0.5–1.5 m above the ground. Small groups of males are common, but at times, larger congregations may form at reproductive sites.

The tadpoles are conspicuous, with dark markings and bright red gills on a light brown to yellow background. They are unusually bold, often visible even during the day. The tadpoles are presumably toxic, as suggested by patches of specialized skin glands. Tadpoles of H. megalonesa are very similar in appearance, and distinguishing features between the two species’ larvae have not yet been reliably established.