This genus contains only two species at the moment: Leptophryne borbonica, L. javanica and L. cruentata; only L. borbonica occurs on Borneo. The genus seems relatively isolated within bufonids and the phylogenetic position is still discussed.

Among Bornean bufonids, Leptophryne borbonica is relatively easy to indentify by long limbs and digits and a unique color pattern. The species has been recorded in peninsular Thailand and Malaya, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.